More than 500 students from four schoolsa at a cybersecurity awareness camp in Dhaka. Retrieved 2 September 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2008. Of an estimated half-million Bangladeshis living in the UK, about half live in London, with a heavy concentration in Tower Hamlets borough of East London.

They are owned by a madam, must pay debts and are not allowed to go outside or keep the money they make. Retrieved 4 July 2007.

- Retrieved 25 November 2015.

British Bangladeshis : ব্রিটিশ বাংলাদেশি are people of who have attained citizenship in the , through immigration and historical naturalisation. During the 1970s, a large numbers of Bangladeshis immigrated to the UK, primarily from the. The largest concentration live in east London boroughs, such as. The recorded nearly half-a-million residents of Bangladeshi ethnicity. British Bangladeshis have the highest overall relative poverty rate of any ethnic group in the UK with 65% of Bangladeshis living in low income households. See also: , , and Bengalis had been present in Britain as early as the 19th century. The earliest records of arrivals from the region that is now known as Bangladesh was are of cooks in London during 1873, in the employment of the , who travelled to the UK as on ships to work in restaurants. Some ancestors of British Bangladeshis went to the UK before. Author Caroline Adams records that in 1925 a lost Bengali man was searching for other Bengali settlers in London. They mainly immigrated to the United Kingdom to find work, achieve a better standard of living, and to escape conflict. During the pre-state years, the 1950s and 1960s, Bengali men immigrated to London in search of employment. Most settled in Tower Hamlets, particularly around and. In the region of Sylhet, this led some people to join the , or Liberation Army. In the 1970s, changes in encouraged a new wave of Bangladeshis to come to the UK and settle. Job opportunities were initially limited to low paid sectors, with unskilled and semi-skilled work in small factories and the textile trade being common. From these small beginnings a network of Bangladeshi restaurants, shops and other small businesses became established in Brick Lane and surrounding areas. The influence of Bangladeshi culture and diversity began to develop across the East London boroughs. The early immigrants lived and worked mainly in cramped basements and attics within the Tower Hamlets area. The men were often illiterate, poorly educated, and spoke little English, so they could not interact well with the English-speaking population and could not enter higher education. Some became targets for businessmen, who sold their properties to Sylhetis, even though they had no legal claim to the buildings. Large numbers of Bangladeshis settled and established themselves in Brick Lane By the late 1970s, the Brick Lane area had become predominantly Bengali, replacing the former Jewish community which had declined. Jews migrated to outlying suburbs of London, as they with the majority British population. Jewish bakeries were turned into curry houses, jewellery shops became stores, and synagogues became dress factories. The synagogue at the corner of Fournier Street and Brick Lane became the or 'Great London Mosque', which continues to serve the Bangladeshi community to this day. This building represents the history of successive communities of immigrants in this part of London. It was built in 1743 as a French Protestant church; in 1819 it became a chapel, and in 1898 was designated as the Spitalfields Great Synagogue. It was finally sold, to become the Jamme Masjid. The period also however saw a rise in the number of attacks on Bangladeshis in the area, in a reprise of the racial tensions of the 1930s, when had marched against the Jewish communities. In nearby the anti-immigrant became active, distributing leaflets on the streets and holding meetings. White youths known as appeared in the Brick Lane area, vandalising property and reportedly spitting on Bengali children and assaulting women. Bengali children were allowed out of school early; women walked to work in groups to shield them from potential violence. Parents began to impose curfews on their children, for their own safety; flats were protected against racially motivated arson by the installation of fire-proof letterboxes. Protest march by Bangladeshis to with murdered Altab Ali's coffin, 1978 On 4 May 1978, Altab Ali, a 25-year-old Bangladeshi clothing worker, was murdered by three teenage boys as he walked home from work in a racially motivated attack. The murder took place near the corner of Adler Street and , by St Mary's Churchyard. This murder mobilised the Bangladeshi community in Britain. Demonstrations were held in the area of Brick Lane against the National Front, and groups such as the Bangladesh Youth Movement were formed. On 14 May, over 7,000 people, mostly Bangladeshis, took part in a demonstration against racial violence, marching behind Altab Ali's coffin to. Some youths formed local gangs and carried out reprisal attacks on their skinhead opponents see. The name Altab Ali became associated with a movement of resistance against racist attacks, and remains linked with this struggle for human rights. His murder was the trigger for the first significant political organisation against racism by local Bangladeshis. The identification and association of British Bangladeshis with Tower Hamlets owes much to this campaign. In 1993, racial violence was incited by the anti-immigration BNP ; several Bangladeshi students were severely injured, but the BNP's attempted inroads were stopped after demonstrations of Bangladeshi resolve. BWA St Albans were able to name a road in Sylhet municipality now Sylhet City Corporation called St Albans Road. This link between the two cities was established when the council supported housing project in the city as part of the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless initiative. It was also created because Sylhet is the area of origin for the largest ethnic minority group in St Albans. In April 2001, the council officially renamed the 'Spitalfields' electoral ward Spitalfields and Banglatown. Surrounding streets were redecorated, with lamp posts painted in green and red, the colours of the. By this stage the majority living in the ward were of Bangladeshi origin—nearly 60% of the population. Source: 2011 UK Census Bangladeshis in the UK are largely a young population, heavily concentrated in London's inner boroughs. In the 451,529 UK residents specified their ethnicity as Bangladeshi, forming 0. About half live in London, with a heavy concentration in Tower Hamlets borough of East London. The UK is also the third single largest export destination for Bangladesh and Britain has the largest Bengali population outside of Bangladesh and West Bengal. As of 2015, 600,000 British Bangladeshis live in the UK and 70% of British Bangladeshis live in London. London's Bangladeshi population in 2011 was 222,127 representing 49. The highest concentrations were found in , where Bangladeshis constituted 32% of the borough population 18% of the UK Bangladeshi population , and in , accounting for 9% of the borough population. The largest Bangladeshi populations outside London are in , where there were an estimated 32,532 Bangladeshis in 2011, with 16,310, and with a population of 13,606. More than half of the United Kingdom's Bangladeshis—approximately 53%—were born in Bangladesh. According to the most recent census, there were 110,000 Bangladeshi immigrants living in Italy in 2013. Many were skilled graduates who left their homes in South Asia attracted by jobs in Italy's industrial north, but moved to the UK when Italian manufacturing jobs went into decline. Employment and education Bangladeshis are now mainly employed in the , hotel and restaurant industries. New generation Bangladeshis, however, aspire to professional careers, becoming doctors, IT management specialists, teachers and in business. In 2011 within England and Wales, nearly-half 48% of British Bangladeshis in the 16 to 64 age group were reported to be employed, while 40% were economically inactive and 10% unemployed. Men were more likely to employed than women, with 65% of men in employment against 30% of women. Of those employed, 53% were working within the low-skill sector. Bangladeshis were most likely to be employed in accommodation and food services 27. The overall achievement rate for Bangladeshi pupils was 48%, compared with 53% for all UK pupils, in 2004. It was reported in 2014, there were a total of 60,699 graduates of Bangladeshi descent. In November 2015, an IFS report said that Bangladeshi children living in the UK have a nearly 49 percent higher chance on average of a university education than white British pupils. Until 1998, Tower Hamlets, where the concentration of British Bangladeshis is greatest was the worst performing local authority in England. Until 2009, Bangladeshis in England performed worse than the national average. In 2015, 62 per cent of British Bangladeshis got five good GCSEs, including English and Maths which is five per cent above the average, and Bangladeshi girls outperformed boys by eight per cent. In February 2018, according to a report from social mobility by the , British Bangladeshi students are over six times more likely than white students to stay living at home and studying nearby. In March 2015, , MP for Enfield North, persuaded the British government to stop plans by the exam boards to drop Bengali GCSE and A Level qualifications. In June 2017, British schools included Sylheti as a separate subject, with the dialect being included as a listed language alongside Bengali. According to research by Yaojun Li from the in 2016, while the employment rate of Bangladeshis has improved and the proportion of women in work has risen by one-third in the last five years, it is still weaker than educational performance. Nine per cent of working age Bangladeshis are unemployed which is almost twice the national average. In December 2016, according to a Social Mobility Commission study, children of Bangladeshi origin are among the British Asians who 'struggle for top jobs despite better school results'. The UK's Social Mobility Commission commissioned an 'Ethnicity, Gender and Social Mobility' report with research carried out by academics from LKMco and Education Datalab which found that there has been an increase in educational attainment for Bangladeshi origin pupils in the UK and their performance has improved at a more rapid rate than other ethnic groups in recent years at almost every key stage of education. Almost half of young Bangladeshi people from the poorest quintile go to university. British Bangladeshi women earn less than other ethnic minority groups. Health and housing A survey in the 1990s on the visible communities in Britain by the concluded that British Bangladeshi continues to be among the most severely disadvantaged. Bangladeshis had the highest rates of illness in the UK, in 2001. Bangladeshi men were three times as likely to visit their doctor as men in the general population. Bangladeshis also had the highest rates of people with disabilities, and were more likely to smoke than any other ethnic group, at a rate of 44% in 1999 in England. Smoking was very common amongst the men, but very few women smoked, perhaps due to cultural customs. The average number of people living in each Bangladeshi household is 5, larger than all other ethnic groups. Households which contained a single person were 9%; houses containing a married couple were 54%, pensioner households were 2%. There were twice as many people per room as white households, with 43% living in homes with insufficient bedroom space. A third of Bangladeshi homes contain more than one family—64% of all overcrowded households in Tower Hamlets are Bangladeshi. In England and Wales, only 37% of Bangladeshis owned households compared to 69% of the population, those with social rented tenure is 48%, the largest of which in Tower Hamlets 82% and 81%. Bangladeshis in Britain, who are heavily concentrated in London, particularly in the East End, are among the poorest and most deprived communities in the United Kingdom, suffering from high rates of poverty, unemployment and undereducation. Of an estimated half-million Bangladeshis living in the UK, about half live in London, with a heavy concentration in Tower Hamlets borough of East London. In Tower Hamlets, an estimated one-third of young Bangladeshis are unemployed, one of the highest such rates in the country. British Bangladeshis are around three times more likely to be in poverty compared to their white counterparts, according to a 2015 report entitled 'Ethnic Inequalities' by the Centre for Social Investigation CSI at at. The research found that poverty rate is 46% of people of Bangladeshi background — compared with 16% for the white British in 2009-11. Language According to the 2011 census, 49. Of those who stated their main language as Bengali with Sylheti and Chatgaya , 69. As 95% of British Bangladeshis originate from the north-east Bangladesh region of , majority therefore speak Sylheti which is often considered as a of Bengali or a closely related language. As of 2018, according to the , Britain has around 231,000 Bengali-speaking people, making it the fifth-most spoken language. The British census of 2011 also reflected this data. Bengalis are the fourth biggest ethnic minority community in UK. To some, Bengali is considered as a more prestige language which helps to foster a cultural or national identity linked with Bangladesh, parents therefore encourage young people to attend Bengali classes to learn the language. Although many of Sylheti-speaking background find this learning progress difficult in the UK. Although many Sylheti speakers say they speak Bengali, this is because they do not expect outsiders to be well informed about dialects. Sylheti does not have a written form and is mainly a vernacular language. During the 1970s, the first mother-tongue classes were established for Bangladeshis by community activists in standard Bengali, which later led to a campaign for Sylheti classes in the area of , , however its organisation collapsed in 1985 and with its demise. There have been revivals of in London, a near extinct script that was used for Sylheti. James Lloyd Williams is notable for reproducing Sylheti Nagari poetry books, translating them also in Bengali and English. One way in which British Bangladeshis try to hold on to their links to Bangladesh is by sending their British-born children to school there. Pupils are taught the British curriculum and children born in the UK are dotted among those in the classroom. Many families originate from different upazilas or thanas across Sylhet, mainly from , , , , , and. Religion The located in Whitechapel, London, is one of the largest mosque in the UK with a majority Bangladeshi congregation Majority of the Bangladeshi population are Sunni Muslim; a small minority follow other religions. In London, Bangladeshi Muslims make up 24% of all London Muslims, more than any other single ethnic group in the capital. The largest affiliations are the movement mainly of , the movement, and the and movements. Many male youths are also involved with Islamic groups, which include the Young Muslim Organisation, affiliated with the. This group is based in Tower Hamlets, and has thus attracted mainly young Bangladeshi Muslims. It has been increasingly associated with the East London Mosque, which is one of the largest mosques used predominantly by Bangladeshis. In 2004, the mosque created a new extension attached, the which holds up to 10,000 people. Crowds at the Baishakhi Mela 2009 Significant Bengali events or celebrations are celebrated by the community annually. The is a celebration of the , celebrated by the Bangladeshi community every year. Held each April—May since 1997 in London's Banglatown, it is the largest Asian open-air event in Europe, and the largest Bengali festival outside Bangladesh. In Bangladesh and it is known as the. The event is broadcast live across different continents; it features a funfair, music and dance displays on stages, with people dressed in colourful traditional clothes, in Weavers Field and Allen Gardens in Bethnal Green. The Mela is also designed to enhance the area's community identity, bringing together the best of Bengali culture. As of 2009, the Mela was organised by the Tower Hamlets council, attracting 95,000 people, featuring with popular artists such as , Nukul Kumar Bishwash, and many others. The Shaheed Dibosh , commemorates the martyrdom of the people killed in the demonstrations of 1952 for the Bengali language. In the London borough of Tower Hamlets, the was elected in in 1999. At the entrance to the park is an arch created by David Peterson, developed as a memorial to Altab Ali and other victims of racist attacks. The arch incorporates a complex Bengali-style pattern, meant to show the merging of different cultures in East London. A similar monument was built in , in , through a local council regeneration. This event is taken place at midnight on 20 February, where the Bengali community come together to lay at the monument. Around 2,500 families, councillors and community members paid their respect at Altab Ali Park, as of February 2009. Marriage Same cultural rituals are practised Bangladeshi weddings are celebrated with a combination of Bengali and Muslim traditions, and play a large part in developing and maintaining. Many marriages are between the British diaspora Londonis and the native-born Bangladeshis. Sometimes men will go to Bangladesh to get married, however recently more women are marrying in Bangladesh. Second or third generation Bangladeshis are more likely to get married in the UK within the British culture. However this exposure has created a division between preferences for or for. Tradition holds that the bride's family must buy the family a set of new furniture to be housed in the family home, with all original furniture given away or discarded. The average Bangladeshi outlay for a wedding is £30—60,000 for a single wedding, including decorations, venue, food, clothing and limousines, all areas in which there is competition between families. She was deceived by her parents after asking her to arrive at their home in Dhaka, a court ordered her parents to hand her over to the British High Commission. The commission has been reported to have handled 56 cases from April 2007 to March 2008. Forced marriage According to 2017 data by the Forced Marriage Unit FMU , a joint effort between the and the , of the 129 callers related to Bangladesh, 71% were female and 29% were male, 16% were under the age of 15 and another 12% were aged 16—17. The majority of the victims were likely in the 18-21 age group and the proportion of males were higher for Bangladeshis than other groups. Bangladesh had the second highest number of cases after. Cuisine Meat curry with rice British Bangladeshis consume traditional Bangladeshi food, in particular rice with curry. Many traditional Bengali dishes are served with rice, including chicken, dahl , and fish. Another popular food is , which is a citrus and tangy fruit from Sylhet, mainly used for flavourings in curries. Bangladeshi cooking has become popular in Britain because of the number of Bangladeshi-owned restaurants, which has increased significantly. In 1946, there were 20 restaurants, while in 2015 there are 8,200 owned by Bangladeshis, out of a total of 9,500 Indian restaurants in the UK. Media There are five Bengali channels available on satellite television in Britain. Popular national channels, , and are also available. Bengali newspapers have been increasing within the community, such include Surma News Group. The East End Life local newspaper of the borough. The first international film based on a story about British Bangladeshis was 2007 , based on the novel by author , her book is about a woman who moves to London from rural Bangladesh, with her husband, wedded in an. The film was critically acclaimed and the novel was an award-winning best seller. The film however caused some controversy within the community. Other films created in the community are mainly based on the struggles which British Bangladeshis face such as drugs and presenting a culture clash. These dramas include, Shopner Desh 2006 — a story related to the culture clashes. Festivals Religious Muslim festivals celebrated by the community each year, which includes and. People are dressed in their new traditional clothing. Children are given money by elders, and are attended by men in the morning in large numbers, they will then visit their relatives later in the day. The celebration of Eid reunites relatives and improves relations. In the evening, young people will spend the remaining time socialising with friends. Sociologists suggest these British Bangladeshi boys and girls have reinterpreted the older, more traditional practice of their faith and culture. The Eid al-Adha is celebrated after , to commemorate the prophet 's compliance to sacrifice his son. An animal has to be sacrificed, and then distributed between families and neighbours as , however sometimes in the UK this is not practised and the meat is purchased, therefore there is much difficulty for expatriates to celebrate the event. Some instead of distributing meat, pay zakat to mosques or others however remit money to families in Bangladesh, for the purchase of cows. Tulip is the niece of the sitting Prime Minister of Bangladesh and granddaughter of Bangabandhu the founder father of Bangladesh. Others have contributed in the British media and business worlds. Other notable national TV presenters have included of , and , and Shawkat Hashmi is Community Editor at ,. In drama, and both starred in the movies as and. Artists include dancer and choreographer , pianist , vocalist and , and the visual artist on film and photography. In Sport, the only Bangladeshi professional footballer in England is. Writers which have received praise and criticism for their books include who debut novel was published in 2014. In 2012, British kickboxing champion was among nine people of Bangladeshi descent, who carried the along with some 8,000 Britons across the UK. Architectural and graphic designer was the designer for the two commemorative £5 coins released by British Royal Mint to mark the. Akram Khan was a choreographer of the. Khan was in direction when 12,000 dance artistes performed in the Olympic opening ceremony. Enam Ali's Le Raj restaurant was selected as one of the official food suppliers of the London Olympics. The restaurant also prepared and provided to the Muslim guests at the Olympics. Large numbers of people from the Bangladeshi community have also been involved with local government, increasingly in the London boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Camden. The majority of the in Tower Hamlets are of Bangladeshi descent and part of the Labour Party. As of 2009, 32 of the total 51 councillors were Bangladeshi 63% , 18 were White 35% and 1 2%. The first Bangladeshi mayor in the country was Ghulam Murtuza in Tower Hamlets. Camden has appointed many Bangladeshis as mayors since the first,. The London Borough of Islington followed suit in the year 2012; appointing councillor Jilani Chowdhury as their mayor. Political identity The Shaheed Minar replica in , London In Bangladeshi politics there are two groups, favouring different principles, one Islamic and the other secular. Between these groups there has always been rivalry; however, the Islamic faction is steadily growing. This division between religious and secular was an issue during the ; the political history of Bangladesh is now is being re-interpreted again, in the UK. The secular group show nationalism through monuments, or through the introduction of Bengali culture, and the Islamic group mainly through. One symbol of Bengali nationalism is the Shaheed Minar, which commemorates the Bengali Language Movement, present in Altab Ali Park — the park is also the main venue for rallies and demonstrations, and also in Westwood, Oldham. The monuments are a smaller replica of the one in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and symbolises a mother and the martyred sons. Nationalism is mainly witnessed during celebrations of the mela, when groups such as the Swadhinata Trust try to promote Bengali history and heritage amongst young people, in schools, youth clubs and community centres. Islamic activists stress the commitment to a religious type of identity. These groups expanded their role in the local community by creating youth groups, providing lectures on Islam, and influencing people to be more involved with community mosques e. Tension has arisen between the groups, with Islamists and nationalists being criticised or attacked. These incidents illustrate the competition for social and political control between Islamists and secularists in the community context. This is highly dependent on collective memory and historical reinterpretations of the Liberation War. Youth gangs As a response to faced by their first generation elders during the 1970s see , younger Bangladeshis started to form gangs, developing a sense of dominating their territory. One consequence of this was that Bangladeshi gangs began fighting each other. Bangladeshi teenagers involved with gangs show their allegiance to this kind of in various ways: heavily styled hair, expensive phones and fashionable labels and brands. Teenage street gangs have been responsible for sometimes lethal violence; it is estimated that in Tower Hamlets alone there are 2,500 Bengali youths affiliated to one of the many local gangs, and that 26 out of the 27 gangs in the area are Bangladeshi. The notorious gangs have been given names that end with massive or posse, such as the Brick Lane Massive and Brady Street Massive. Other smaller groups include the Crew, Posse, Bengal Tigers and Boys. In the past, Bangladeshi gangs have fostered criminal elements, including low level drug use and. However, for many the focus has changed to fighting over their territories. They use a variety of weapons, such as swords, , and , although guns are rarely used. When members reach their twenties they usually grow out of gang membership, but some move on to more serious criminal activity. Increasing numbers of Bangladeshi youths are taking hard drugs, in particular heroin. Islamic fundamentalism has also played a part in the youth culture, illustrated by the efforts of one Brick Lane gang to oust out prostitutes from the area. As to dietary customs, youths generally avoid eating pork, and some from drinking alcohol; however many take part in , in particular heroin. Bangladeshi-owned Indian restaurants in Brick Lane 95% of all Indian restaurants are run by Bangladeshis. The curry industry employs over 150,000 people, contributes £4. Brick Lane, known as Banglatown, is home to many of these restaurants, and is now regarded as London's ' capital', with thousands of visitors every day. The restaurants serve different types of curry dishes, including fish, , and other dishes. Attitudes towards restaurant work has shifted among second-generation Bangladeshis who lack interest in working in the curry industry due to their social mobility and opportunities provided by their parents. As of 2016, according to the Bangladesh High Commission, Brick Lane has 57 Bangladeshi-owned curry houses, and in England as a whole, around 90% of all curry houses are owned by British Bangladeshis. Although the curry industry has been the primary business of Bangladeshis see , many other Bangladeshis own grocery stores. In Brick Lane there are many Bengali staples available, such as frozen fish and jack fruits. There are also many travel agents offering flights to Sylhet. Many Bangladeshi businesses located in the wish to maintain a link with Sylhet, for example the weekly Sylheter Dak or the Sylhet Stores. There are also many companies; in 2007, a firm called went into. Company chairman, Dr Fazal Mahmood, admitted the business owed hundreds of thousands of pounds to the public. Other large companies include Seamark and IBCO, owned by millionaire , Taj Stores, and many others. In 2004, requested for ethnic restaurant staff positions to be designated as a shortage occupation, which would make it easier for Bangladeshi citizens to obtain UK work permits. In 2008, Guild of Bangladeshi Restaurateurs members raised concerns that many restaurants were under threat because the British Government announced a change in immigration laws which could block entry of high skilled chefs from Bangladesh to the UK. They requested that the Government recognises that they are skilled workers. The law demanded these workers speak fluent English, and have good formal qualifications. However, these changes did not take place. Immigration policy changes has made it more difficult to source skilled workers from abroad, resulting in a paucity of chefs with the culinary skills to run an Indian-style kitchen. The situation has worsened due to a yearly salary minimum of £35,000 applied to tier 2 migrants, or skilled workers with a job offer in the UK, coming into effect April 2016. The Government's cap on skilled-workers from outside the EU means chefs must earn this salary a year to be permitted to work in UK restaurants. A Government scheme set up in 2012 to train UK nationals to work as chefs in Asian and Oriental restaurants struggled with a lack of interest, despite a poll at the time indicating that almost a third of young people would consider working in the sector. Experts say curry houses are closing down at the rate of two a week because of a shortage of tandoori chefs. Remittance Main article: The UK is the second biggest foreign investor in Bangladesh and one of the largest development partners of Bangladesh. Over 240 UK companies are operating in different sectors including retail, banking, energy, infrastructure, consultancy and education with leading centres of operation in Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet. Many British Bangladeshis send money to Bangladesh to build houses. In villages in Sylhet, there are houses built suburbs or communities through financial support mainly received from the UK, fuelling a building boom. Businesses have also been established by the British expatriates in the city of Sylhet, such as hotels, restaurants, often themed on those found in London, have also been established to cater to the visiting Sylheti expatriate population and the growing Sylheti middle classes i. London Fried Chicken or Tessco. The financial relationship between British Bengalis and relatives in Bangladesh has changed, only 20% of Bangladeshi families in east London were sending money to Bangladesh as of 1995, this figure was approximately 85% during 1960—1970s. For a large number of families in Britain the cost of living, housing, or education for the children severely constrains any regular financial commitment towards Bangladesh. Moreover, the family reunion process has resulted in the social and economic reproduction of the household in Britain; conflicts over land or money can arise involving the mutual or reciprocal relationship between members of a joint household divided by. This, in turn, can reduce even more the level of investment in Sylhet. The emergence of a second and a of British Bangladeshis is another factor explaining the declining proportion of people's income being sent as to Bangladesh. About 30% of all remittance sent to Bangladesh are from Britain as of 1987. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 February 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2008. Archived from on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Archived from on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 2 August 2008. Transnational migration and the politics of identity. London Review of Books. Retrieved 10 September 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2005. In ; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed. BBC: Legacies — UK History Local To You. Retrieved 3 August 2008. Exploring 20th century London. Retrieved 2 August 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2008. London: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press US. Education, Racism, and Reform. Racial violence in Britain in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Violent Racism: Victimization, Policing, and Social Context. Youth Against Racism in Europe. Retrieved 22 August 2008. St Albans District Council. Archived from on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 26 February 2008. Retrieved 26 February 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 31 May 2016. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 31 May 2016. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 31 May 2016. Archived from PDF on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2008. Data Management and Analysis Group. Archived from PDF on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 6 July 2008. Archived from PDF on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2015. Archived from on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2007. Retrieved 31 December 2009. Archived from PDF on 5 March 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Archived from on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2008. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 3 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2006. Archived from PDF on 7 April 2005. Retrieved 1 August 2004. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2018. Strangers, Aliens and Asians: Huguenots, Jews and Bangladeshis in Spitalfields, 1660—2000. The power to choose: Bangladeshi women and labour market decisions in London and Dhaka. Bengali-English in East London: A Study in Urban Multilingualism. Retrieved 2 May 2017. Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society: A Handbook for Health Professionals. City Literacies: Learning to Read Across Generations and Cultures. Multilingual Literacies: Reading and Writing Different Worlds. Retrieved 28 July 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008. Culture, Religion, and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society: A Handbook for Health Professionals. Strangers, Aliens and Asians: Huguenots, Jews and Bangladeshis in Spitalfields, 1660—2000. Language, Labour and Migration.. Greater London Authority Mayor of London. Archived from PDF on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Transnational Ties: Cities, Migrations, and Identities. Retrieved 27 July 2008. Global Migrants, Local Lives: Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh. Archived from on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 16 November 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2008. Muslims in the Diaspora: The Somali Communities of London and Toronto. University of Toronto Press. A History of Islamic Societies. School of Social Sciences — Cardiff University — funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. Retrieved 15 September 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2008. David Garbin — Cronem, University of Surrey. Archived from on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 27 July 2008. Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure. Partition and the South Asian Diaspora: Extending the Subcontinent. Retrieved 17 February 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009. Archived from on 1 May 2006. Retrieved 25 July 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008. Archived from on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009. Whitechapel's Free Art and History. Archived from on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2008. Archived from PDF on 30 May 2005. Retrieved 9 February 2009. East End Life — Tower Hamlets Council. Issue 748 2—8 March 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2009. Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain. Women in Transition: A Study of the Experiences of Bangladeshi Women Living in Tower Hamlets. Life, Love and Assimilation. Honour: crimes, paradigms and violence against women. Retrieved 24 June 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Archived from PDF on 4 August 2018. University of Surrey Department of Psychology. Retrieved 16 February 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2008. Biz Asia UK 19 July 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2009. Improvement and Development Agency Local Government Association. Retrieved 4 February 2009. Archived from on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2008. Retrieved 5 August 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2009. Retrieved 14 March 2009. Arguing with the Crocodile: Gender and Class in Bangladesh. University of Roehampton, London. Archived from DOC on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2008. TeacherNet Department for Children, Schools and Families — Crown. Retrieved 17 February 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2010. Archived from on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2008. Archived from on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 15 June 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2009. Archived from on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Delwar Hussain — openDemocracy: free thinking for the world. Retrieved 27 July 2008. In ; Jamal, Ahmed A. Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Second ed. Retrieved 18 July 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2003. Retrieved 16 January 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2009. Evening Standard by Tasha Kosvinar. Archived from on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2003. Retrieved 6 September 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Archived from on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2008. Archived from on 7 November 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Retrieved 4 July 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2007. Archived from on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2016. Archived from on 23 November 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2016. Time Out Group Ltd. Retrieved 13 November 2008. Retrieved 28 September 2015. Archived from on 27 June 2008. Retrieved 24 June 2008. Retrieved 20 April 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Archived from on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2008. Tales of Three Generations of Bengalis in Britain: Bengali Oral History Project University of Surrey. South Asians overseas : migration and ethnicity Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press. Bangladeshis in Britain : a national database. Centre for Bangladeshi Studies. Writing Diaspora: South Asian Women, Culture, and Ethnicity Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Muslim Britain: Communities Under Pressure Zed Books. Women in Transition: A Study of the Experiences of Bangladeshi Women Living in Tower Hamlets The Policy Press. People and Places: A 2001 Census Atlas of the UK The Policy Press. Food in the Migrant Experience Ashgate. Migrants, Minorities, and Health Routledge. Language and National Identity in Asia Oxford University Press. Ethnicity, Social Mobility, and Public Policy: Comparing the USA and UK Cambridge University Press. Imagined Londons SUNY Press. Picturing South Asian Culture in English: Textual and Visual Representations Open House Press. Return Migration in the Asia Pacific Edward Elgar Publishing.

She is keen to tell me that she came here alone, that she wasn't met into this life — but I've already been warned that all the girls here will tell bangladesh girls same story, because they've been told by their madams not to say anything to blame their families or their employers. Akram Khan was a choreographer of the. Archived from on 1 May 2008. In Una 2017, British schools included Sylheti as a separate subject, with the dialect being included as a listed language alongside Bengali. bangladesh girls Of an estimated half-million Bangladeshis living in the UK, about half live in London, with a heavy concentration in Tower Hamlets borough of East London. Met 30 October 2015. Many were skilled graduates who left their homes in South Asia attracted by jobs in Italy's industrial north, but moved to the UK when Italian manufacturing jobs went into decline. He says Oradexon can be extremely dangerous for healthy young women. A man picked her off the limbo and sold her into a brothel.